MySQL复制（Replication）工作原理：Slave端通过将Master端的binlog利用I/O线程通过网络复制到Slave端，然后再通过SQL线程解析Binlog中的日志并应用到数据库中来实现。
公共配置：
安装完软件包后启动服务（2台都是一下操作）
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /root/.mysql_secret 查看默认的MYSQL密码# The random password set for the root user at Sun Aug 2 18:40:27 20 15 (local time): huGTgnSX[root@localhost mysql]# cd[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -phuGTgnSX 登陆服务Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecu re.Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.15Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights re served.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input s tatement.mysql> set password for root@localhost=password("123"); 修改服务的密码Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> quitBye
物理环境
master 192.168.1.60
slave 192.168.1.70
master端的配置
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave70@"192.168.1.70" identified by "123";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)编辑master的主配置文件[root@fanxh ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_bin=master 启动binlog日志server_id = 60 给master添加一个 编号datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart 主配置文件配置完成后从新启动服务
Shutting down MySQL.. [确定] Starting MySQL.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p123 从新登陆系统 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.15-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
mysql> show master status; 查看master的状态+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| master.000001 | 120 | | | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.slave配置
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h192.168.1.60 -uslave70 -p123 首先测试授权的用户能不能登陆
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.6.15-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)修改slave主配置 文件
[root@fanxh ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_bin=slave srever_id = 70 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart 更改配置文件后要从新启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p123 登陆mysql设置自己是那个服务器的slave
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)mysql> show slave status; 查看slave的状态
Empty set (0.02 sec) mysql> change master to -> master_host="192.168.1.60", -> master_user="slave70", -> master_password="123", -> master_log_file="master.000001", master_log_file的值在master用show master status 看到的值必须一致-> master_log_pos=120; / master_log_pos的值在master用show master status 看到的值必须一致
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)
4) 验证从服务器设置是否成功，登录从服务器mysql〉show slave status\G; 能看到 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 即可
mysql> mysql> show slave status\G 查看状态
*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 192.168.1.60 Master_User: slave70 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: master.000003 Slave_IO_Running: No 这个值和下面的值同时为YES才能同步数据 Slave_SQL_Running: No 这个值为和上面的值同时为YES才能同步数据 Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 120 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULLMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0 Master_UUID: Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> start slave; 启动执行命令Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.60 Master_User: slave70 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 280 Relay_Master_Log_File: master.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
mysql主从同步常见故障问题：
1）给master授权slave主机登陆权限，在登陆的时候出错 编辑master的配置文件在[mysqld]下面添加 skip-name-resolve2）在从服务器上面show slave status\G;出现1236错误排错办法： 重启主库 给从库重新授权 执行以下命令 slave stop; reset slave; slave start;